Samanid Empire Flag (819–999)

The Samanid Empire Flag (819–999) is believed to have followed the Abbasid black standard, as the Samanids were nominal vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate. However, some sources suggest that the Samanids, as a Persian dynasty, may have also used distinctive banners featuring Kufic inscriptions or geometric Islamic designs. The Samanid dynasty was instrumental in reviving Persian culture, language, and identity, marking a transition from Arabic dominance to the reemergence of Persian traditions under Islam. The capital, Bukhara, became a major center of Persian literature and science, and the Samanid rule paved the way for later Persian dynasties like the Ghaznavids and Seljuks.