Qara Qoyunlu Flag (1374–1468)

The Qara Qoyunlu Flag (1374–1468) is a turquoise banner featuring a black tribal emblem, representing the Black Sheep Turkomans’ dominance over Persia, Azerbaijan, and parts of Anatolia. The Qara Qoyunlu Confederation was a Turkic tribal federation that played a key role in Persian history, ruling with a mix of Persian administration and Turkmen military traditions. The black tribal symbol reflects their nomadic heritage and political identity, while the turquoise background signifies sovereignty and divine legitimacy. Under rulers like Jahan Shah, the Qara Qoyunlu expanded Persian cultural influence but eventually fell to the Aq Qoyunlu in 1468, marking the end of their rule.