Caspian Red Deer (Persian Fallow Deer)
Scientific Name: Cervus elaphus maral / Dama dama mesopotamica
Average Lifespan: 10–15 years
Conservation Status: Least Concern


The Caspian Red Deer, also known as the Persian Fallow Deer, is one of the most iconic Iran animals, native to the forests and grasslands of Iran wildlife. This Persian species is distinguished by its large, branching antlers and robust build, adapted to the rugged landscapes of Iran. Once widespread, these animals of Iran have seen significant population declines due to habitat loss and poaching. Their deep brown coat provides excellent camouflage in the dense forests of Persian landscapes. As herbivores, they graze on grass, leaves, and shrubs, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem of Iran wildlife. The Persian Fallow Deer is particularly revered for its historical significance, appearing in ancient Persian art and literature. These Iran animals are mostly active at dawn and dusk, utilizing their sharp senses to detect predators like wolves and humans. Conservation efforts in Iran have focused on preserving their habitat and preventing illegal hunting. The Persian deer population remains fragile, making ongoing protection essential for their survival. As a vital component of animals of Iran, they symbolize the country's rich natural heritage.